s and p Waves and Earth Structure
Whilst this topic is not really featured directly in most specifications for triple science physics but it's a lovely real life application of wave theory and to provides an alternative application of the ideas that the students should be confident and comfortable with - A great example of them having to apply their ideas from one context to another. A key technique that will be needed at A level and so if we see TS as part of a possible preparation for A level well worth including and spending some time on.
It's also worth noting that as well as the SEP seismometer mentioned below, almost all smart phones have vibration detectors and there are many free or very cheap apps that can provide a visual output. They usually show three graphs, one for each plane and so with a bit of delicate shaking of the phone you can get a signal on one or two but not the others. Certainly worth some playing around or telling the students about. The SEP seismometer is an interesting piece of equipment as all it really is made up from is a hacksaw blade with a strong magnet on it that is near a coil of wire from which a p.d. output is taken (and amplified). With a bit of effort it’s more than possible to make one yourself, perhaps not getting calibrated readings from it but certainly showing a principle.
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Waves, Radio Waves and Microwaves
With this resource we are interested in the “Types of Wave” document which is well produced, colourful (though you may not be able to afford colour printing/photocopying!) and attractive. After revising transverse and longitudinal waves, the document goes on the look and s and p earthquake waves. There are some very nice diagrams and students then apply their knowledge to the structure of the Earth. Finally, students take a look at the consequences of a real life earthquake in India. This is a well designed resource that teachers will largely be happy to use in their classrooms without any adaptation.
Seismology
There’s lots to get your teeth into here whether or not you have the SEP seismometer and vibration detector. You’ll almost certainly want to use presentation 1 at the start of the topic and use presentation 2 to help explain how p and s waves travel through the Earth. Student activity 2 is recommended as a practical and easy to see the difference between s and p waves.